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Política Inmigrativa
Una lista selectiva de informes, transcriptos, exposiciones, y reportas de prensa que destacan los asuntos del día.
Administration Un Informe GAO Sugiere Más Descuido del Programa Compañero Estatal y Local de ICE – La Oficina de Contabilidad del Gobierno (Government Accountability Office, o GAO en inglés) ha publicado un informe que echa la culpa a Inmigración y Aduanas Imposición (Immigration and Customs Enforcement, o ICE, en inglés) por la gerencia mala de los programas Sec. 287(g) en que agencias policiales estatal y local participan en la imposición de leyes de inmigración federal. GAO descubrió que aunque el programa tiene la intención de dirigirse a los actividades criminales serios, algunas agencias compañeras han usado su autoridad 287(g) “para procesar por deportación esos extranjeros que han cometidos crímenes pequeñas, como llevar una botella de alcohol abra.” GAO también cita el fracaso de ICE de articular como las agencias que participan deben usar su autoridad, el índole y límite de la supervisión ICE de los participantes, o los datos que participantes hubieran sido rastrear y reportar. GAO sugiere mejoras por todos esos problemas. (Marzo 2009) La Jefa Asignada de Seguridad Nacional Habla Severamente sobre la Aplicación de Medidas – La Gobernadora de Arizona, Janet Napolitano, quien fuera seleccionada como Jefa del Departamento de Seguridad Nacional (Department of Homeland Security, en inglés) por el Presidente-electo Obama, busca como primera prioridad restaurar el sistema de inmigración estadounidense, y parece estar lista para dejar al Departamento de Justicia la persecución de los empleadores, en vez de centrarse en detenciones masivas. (Enero 2009) DHS Integration - GAO Report concludes that "unresolved issues regarding the roles and responsibilities of CBP, CIS, and ICE give rise to disagreements and confusion, with the potential for serious consequences." Backlogs Procesamiento de Autorización de Empleo Retrasado - El Defensor del Pueblo USCIS (Ombudsman, en ingles), ha recomendado procesos por el uso de USCIS en los casos en que adjudicaciones de Autorización de Empleo han hecho retrasado más que los 90 días requerido por ley. Entre otras cosas, sugiere que las Noticias de Recibo (Receipt Notices, en ingles) por renovaciones de Autorización de Empleo incluyen lenguaje que autoriza el empleo continuo hasta la adjudicación final. (Enero 2009) Cost to Business - Survey of 734 multinational businesses concludes that immigration processing delays have cost respondents $30.5 billion since 2002, with 51% of respondents stating that delays are getting worse. Delays were most acute for persons from China, India and Russia. Survey conducted by The Santangelo Group on behalf of eight major trade associations. (June 2004) Backlog Reduction Progress - USCIS Backlog Elimination progress report provided to Congress. Earlier was subject of June '04 testimony of Director Eduardo Aguirre, Jr. before the House Subcommittee on Immigration, Border Security and Claims. (November 2004)
Border Biometrics US Visit Implementation - GAO report concluding that DHS has fully or partially implemented legislative reuqirements of US Visit program mandates for FY 2005. (February 2005) Biometrics Deployment - GAO Report on State Department roll out of biometric data gathering technology at consulates. Recommends that consular officials be provided greater guidance on what to do with the results of biometric searches in processing visa applications and calls for greater coordination between State and DHS. (September 2004) Phase I - General Accounting Office audit report on Phase I implementation. Suggests improvement in management systems and accountability. (May 2004) Biometric Technology - General Accounting Office testimony addressing benefits and limitations of biometric technologies at US border crossings and points of entry. Concludes that such technologies cannot be relied upon alone and that policy debate must balance security concerns with those of privacy and commerce. Counter-terrorism
US Chamber of Commerce Position - Argues that the US remain open to talented individuals with skills that are hard to find in America. Favors raising the cap. Update on Visa Revocation Process - Follow on GAO Report identifying evidence of "continuing weaknesses in the State and Homeland Security processes for revoking visas of suspected terrorists (September 2004) Visa Revocation Process - General Accounting Office report identifying communication failures among State, Homeland Security and Justice where State has revoked a visas of suspected terrorists and recommending establishment of new written policies at State. (June 2003) Tasas de Solicitudes
Tasas de Solicitudes Federales - La Oficina de Responsabilidad del Gobierno (Government Accountability Office, o GAO en ingles) resumió siete sugerencias por USCIS que “mejorarían el horario y el amplitud” de sus revistas bienal de las Tasas de Solicitudes. Esas sugerencias incluyen de “identificar y considerar los costos completos de las operaciones de USCIS que están patrocinadas por la cuenta IEFA” y de usar la información de las proyecciones de casos por los propósitos de la gerencia de mano de obra, no solo para pronosticar rentas. (Enero 2009) GAO Quiere Mejorar la Metodología de Cálculo de Costos de USCIS – La Oficina de Responsabilidad del Gobierno (Government Accountability Office, o GAO en ingles) concluyó que la metodología de cálculo de costos de USCIS que usa para fijar las tasas de solicitudes dejó de incluir costos importantes, fue incongrua con las prácticas de calculo de costos Federales, y dejó de dar justificaciones suficientes en muchos casos. GAO sugirió que USCIS mejoraría su metodología de cálculo de costos con el fin de 1) asegurar que las tasas de solicitudes cobran todos los costos de procesamiento contraídos por todos los entidades federales y 2) mejorar la confianza que los costos estimados por USCIS “proporcionan un base fiable para establecer las tasas de solicitudes.” Entre otras cosas, GAO exprime inquietudes que el programa de Procesamiento Premio (Premium Processing, en ingles), es subvencionado por las tasas pagadas por los solicitantes no-Premios. (Enero 2009)
H-1b DHS Conduce una Evaluación de los Casos de Cumplimiento y Fraude H-1B - Un informe USCIS afirma que una 21% de un muestreo al azar de 246 peticiones H-1b fueron fraudulento ó en violación técnica de las reglas H-1b. El Informe encontró la mayor incidencia de no cumplimiento en los empleadores más nuevos y pequeños, particularmente en las posiciones de contabilidad, recursos humanos, analistas de negocios, ventas y publicidad. (Enero 2009) Identification Documents Consular Identification Cards - GAO Report addressing the use in the US of consular identification documents issued to nationals of some countries to identify then while living abroad. The report identifies conflicting US Government positions - Treasury accepts them as valid identification, FBI states that some (e.g. Mexico) are unreliable. (August 2004) Immigration Law Reform The Secure America and Orderly Immigration (SAVE) Act - Text of Bill as proposed. Summary of SAVE Act - Prepared by Senate Staff. White House Fact Sheet - January 7, 2004 press release outlining the program as proposed Review of pending legislation - Review by National Conference of State legislatures (April 2004). CATO Institute Congressional Testimony - Argues that enforcement efforts focused on Mexican immigration undermines anti-terrorism efforts and neglects the economic benefits afforded by new workers. (April 2004) CATO Institute Immigration Position Paper - Favors expanding immigration quotas, focus on border control to combat terrorism, create a temporary worker visa for less-skilled Mexican citizens, repeal the H-1b cap, reinstate amnesty program, reverse decline of accepted refugee cases.
CATO forum on Bush Administration Immigration Proposal - Webcast from Jan 2004. Moderated by Ramesh Ponnuru, National Review and featuring Margaret Spellings, The White House; Frank Sharry, National Immigration Forum; Steven Camarota, Center for Immigration Studies; and Daniel T. Griswold, Center for Trade Policy Studies.
Intracompany Transferees Congressional hearing transcript - Text of February 2004 House Committee on International Relations hearing "L-1: Losing Jobs Through Laissez-Faire Policies." Chairman Hyde asks the musical question: "Are we being lax in the offshoring of American jobs often facilitated by inshore training, first given to L visa holders right here in the U.S. so they can take new skills and American jobs home with them?" Impact of Workforce
Prospects For American Workers: Immigration's Impact - Transcript of House Subcommittee on Immigration, Border Security and Claims. Chairman Hostettler: "If we want to improve the lot of blue collar workers and their families, immigration policy seems one place to start." (October 2003)
Law Enforcement Visa Overstays - House Hearing - Transcript of October 2003 hearing before House Subcommittee on Immigration, Border Security and Claims. Chairman Hostettler: "Certainly, something needs to change, and soon, to dramatically reduce the number of visa overstays. If only one-tenth of 1 percent of these visa overstays are involved with or support terrorism, our current immigration system allows 300 supporters each year, or actual terrorists, to plan and carry out the next act of terrorism against our citizens on our own shores." Visa Overstays - GAO Report - General Accounting Office Report concluding that the Department of Homeland Security is not properly counting foreign persons who remain in the US after expiration of lawful status. Discusses potential impact on national security. (May 2004)
State Police Enforcement - Washington Post byline article of April 25, 2004 regarding agreement between Virginia State Police and Department of Homeland Security granting the state the authority to enforce federal immigration laws.
State Police Enforcement - Christian Science Monitor editorial asserting that the federal governments should use local police support to enforce immigration laws as an anti-terrorism measure. Overzealous Enforcement - In a case that typifies the frustrations borne by many foreign business travelers coming to the US, the Department of Homeland Security has apologized to a noted British writer for ignoring its own rules in refusing him admission to conduct a lecture tour. Immigration officials had stopped him in Vancouver upon learning that his honoraria would be $5,000 per event, which they deemed as too much money, a decision that was both arbitrary and capricious. McEwan innocently - and correctly - assumed that the Visa Waiver Program would support his entry The apology tried to gave McEwan assurance that the incident would not inhibit future admission to the US. In what is no doubt a related move, DHS has announced a new policy which affords Port Directors discretion to "permit travel for foreign journalists who attempt to enter the U.S. with the wrong visa" (i.e., as a business visitor or under the visa waiver program (VWP)) rather than within the "I" category established for foreign media representatives. McEwan had sought entry as under the VWP
Outsourcing US Tech Worker Opposition - Wall Street Journal bylined article of October 10, 2003, describing growing opposition among engineers, skilled tech workers and specialty tech executives to further lowering of trade barriers, asserting a link to layoffs. Economic Solutions to Labor Oversupply - Carnegie Endowment for International Peace May 2004 policy brief "Job Anxiety is Real - and its Growing." Asserts that oversupply of global workforce and availability of cheap and effective telecommunications has created new and fundamental changes to the link between domestic economic growth and US job creation. Science Visas Science Students and Scholars II - GAO report finding improvements to shortcomings in Visa Mantis security clearance process descreibed in the report referenced below. (February 2005) Science Students and Scholars - GAO report finding lengthy delays of four months and longer in the security clearance processing of visas for science students and scholars. Recommends substantial improvement in the interoperability of State FBI, and Homeland Security computer systems and in State department consular interview scheduling process. (February 2004) Research Community Recommendations - Joint Statement of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and others citing concern over lack of transparency or and rationality in the visa processing system.
Visa Waiver Program La Oficina de Responsabilidad del Gobierno Concluye que las Negaciones Previo-Viaje del Programa de Exención de Visa (Visa Waiver, en inglés) Pueden Ser Agravantes para los Consulados – La Oficina de Responsabilidad del Gobierno (Government Accountability Office ó GAO, en inglés) reporta que una tasa de negación del 1% al 3% en el Sistema Electrónico para la Autorización de Viaje (ESTA) para el registro electrónico de exenciones de visa previo viaje, crearía una carga significativa de nuevos procesos de visados, mientras la adición de nuevos países en el programa de exención de visa no lo haría. (Enero 2009)
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